truesee's Blog

Man steals $298,000 using gas cards

Man guilty in $298,000 gas fraud case

Couple bilked government by using gas cards designed for fleet of cars at Fort Monroe

 

Peter Dujardin

Daily Press

7:40 PM EDT, June 6, 2011

 

NEWPORT NEWS — A Hampton man was found guilty Monday of bilking the government out of $298,000 by fraudulently using gas cards designed for a fleet of government-owned vehicles at Fort Monroe.

After deliberating for about three hours, the jury found Lanaire E. White, 38, guilty of all 16 charges he faced: conspiracy to commit wire fraud; nine counts of wire fraud; theft of government property; unauthorized access to a device; and felon in possession of a firearm.

Surveillance video shot in June 2010 showed White using cards to gas up several people's vehicles at a Hampton gas station. Witnesses said they'd pay a cut rate for the gas — $1.50 a gallon in cash — with White pocketing the money. Prosecutors said the scheme went on for more than two years.

Eight people — just a fraction of the actual number, prosecutors say — said they bought gas from White, often at a gas station on Hardy Cash Drive. One trucker testified he bought 80 tanks of diesel fuel at the cut rate. Another man said he bought about 50 tank loads for his Hummer.

Another key witness: White's ex-wife. Colleen Newton-White, 36, once the gatekeeper for 68 base vehicles at Fort Monroe, was originally charged in the scheme along with White. But she pleaded guilty on May 4, saying she took the cards from the base. She testified last week against her ex.

The three-day trial at U.S. District Court in Newport News was not without some theater, with White saying he's a member of the Moorish National Republic, a separatist group claiming not to be bound by U.S. law.

White had previously planned to represent himself, before a judge ruled he wasn't up to the task. White also refused to wear street clothes at the trial, preferring to appear in his bright orange jail jump suit. Then, he refused to acknowledge that he was even a "person," instead calling himself a "sovereign." U.S. District Judge Mark Davis referred to White as "Sovereign" on a few occasions in court last week.

On Monday, White told Davis he wanted to address the jury to tell them "who he was."

"Who are you?" Davis asked, telling him that it was already determined that he was Lanaire White. White cut Davis off, asking him if he ever took an oath. Davis replied that White is to answer the judge's questions, not the other way around.

"You are the public servant," White responded.

Davis, saying that judge determines the law and the jury is the fact finder, again asked White if he would stick to factual elements of the case if he took the stand. "If you're not going to tell me, then you're not going to testify," Davis told him.

White still wouldn't give a straight answer, saying both the law and the facts were in the jury's purview, so Davis denied him the right to address the jury. Later, as the jury left the courtroom for deliberations, White held up a file and demanded to address them, but Davis had the federal marshals restrain him.

Each of the 68 vehicles in Fort Monroe's motor pool had a credit card, to be used for gas and repairs. Newton-White testified that she would secretly remove the cards from the base, returning them in time for the next workday.

The users of the gas card were required to enter the vehicle's correct mileage into the gas pump. Another monitoring mechanism was to compare the gas going into a tank with the tank's capacity. Newton-White would attach post-it notes so White would know what to enter at the pump.

The scheme went on for two years, before the anomalies caught up with the couple. White will be sentenced on Sept. 27.

On Monday, a man named Chuck Stewart testified that White — whom he met through a mechanic friend — filled up Stewart's hummer for $1.50 per gallon about 50 times.

The first day, Stewart said, he asked White if what he was doing was "legit." "He said it was legit, that everything is fine."

Then, Stewart said, he saw a line of people waiting to get gas from White, and thought it must be legitimate "because there's so many other people involved."

Over the course of the next year, Stewart said, he would call and text message White to meet him at gas stations, most often one on Hardy Cash Drive.

Entry #4,790

Man brings gun to party after his kids miss ice cream and cake

Memphis Man Brings Gun To Party After Kids Miss Ice Cream, Cake

Memphis Man Brings Gun To Party After Kids Miss Ice Cream, Cake
         
Staff Writer

1:01 p.m. CDT, June 6, 2011

(Memphis 6/6/2011) Instead of a present, a Memphis, TN man brought a gun to a child's birthday party.

Joseph Hayes, 48, is charged with aggravated assault.

Police say Hayes brought a gun to the party because his children didn't get any ice cream or cake

A police affidavit says Hayes became upset and began yelling at the victim.

Police say he went to his apartment and returned a short time later with a small black handgun tucked into the back of his pants.

Hayes approached the host, lifted up his shirt and said, "I ain't scared to go to jail, just take care of my kids."

Hayes' bond is set at $30,000.
 
Entry #4,789

Man beats wife at divorce hearing

No bond for man accused of beating wife at divorce hearing

 

Paul Henry Gonzalez

Paul Henry Gonzalez moves to the defense table for his bond hearing on Thursday, June 2, 2011, at the Broward County Courthouse in Fort Lauderdale. Gonzalez, A former Marine accused of attacking his wife at a final divorce hearing, has been in jail since the April 15 beating on charges of battery, domestic violence and resisting arrest. Amy Beth Bennett, Sun Sentinel (Amy Beth Bennett, Sun Sentinel / June 2, 2011)

 

Tonya Alanez
Sun Sentinel

8:22 p.m. EDT, June 6, 2011

 

FORT LAUDERDALE A Fort Lauderdale man accused of an attack on his wife at a divorce hearing that broke her nose, fractured her jaw, blackened her eyes and gave her a concussion will be held without bond, a judge ruled on Monday.

Paul Henry Gonzalez Jr., 28, has been jailed since the April 15 attack in Broward County Judge Ronald Rothschild's chambers.

Catherine Scott, 23, testified on Monday that Gonzalez had been violent with her since before their September 2006 marriage. She said he pushed, shoved, dragged and punched her as often as twice a month.
 
"I'm extremely fearful," she told Broward Circuit Judge Geoffrey D. Cohen, who handles domestic violence cases. "If Mr. Gonzalez was capable of doing what he did in front of who he did, there's no stopping him. He has no regard for any kind of court orders."

The assault put Scott in Holy Cross Hospital's intensive care unit with cerebral bleeding and swelling.

Throughout Monday's hearing, Gonzalez would not look at the mother of his two children. Instead, he stared vacantly in the opposite direction.

If convicted of aggravated battery, he faces the possibility of a 15-year prison sentence.

Gonzalez's defense attorney, Dana Swickle, tried to persuade Cohen that her client would comply with any restrictions he might set. She said the alleged attack was "a one-time incident" under "highly emotional" circumstances.

"He felt that he was losing everything he built over the last several years," Swickle said. "He felt that everything was gone."

But Cohen said there was no condition of pre-trial release that he felt would ensure Scott's safety.

Scott's divorce attorney, Michael Dunleavy, has said Gonzalez was "in a rage" over having to pay child support and being told when he could or couldn't visit his children.

Dunleavy pulled Gonzalez off Scott and a deputy shocked Gonzalez with a stun gun on the judge's conference table.

Scott said she did not remember the beating itself. Her first memory afterward, she said, was coming to, seeing paramedics, and feeling her mother holding her hand and wiping blood from her face.

Gonzalez has said he doesn't recall the incident, either.

Assistant State Attorney Sarahnell Murphy said that before attacking Scott from behind, Gonzalez told Rothschild, the divorce judge, he "was tired of this bull----" and he would not honor the judge's orders.

"Ms. Scott is in grave danger if he is released," Murphy said. Even in a judge's chambers, "she was not safe from that man."



Since their March 2010 separation, he often sent her threatening text messages, she said.
Entry #4,788

Man punched self to fake assault

Police: Drunken Driver Punched Himself In The Face To Bolster Bogus Assault Tale

Daniel Vagnini

Daniel Vagnini (Courtesy Farmington Police Department / June 6, 2011)

 

HILDA MUÑOZ
The Hartford Courant

11:25 a.m. EDT, June 6, 2011

FARMINGTON—

Police say a 22-year-old drunken driver punched himself in the face, tore his shirt and threw his wallet and keys in a river in an attempt to convince police he had been assaulted.

Daniel Vagnini, of 10 Butternut Drive, sped through a stop sign at the intersection of New Britain Avenue and Red Oak Hill around midnight Saturday, according to an officer who said he witnessed it. Vagnini nearly crashed into a car that had already entered the intersection.

Police said they found his car on Indian Hill Road and heard Vagnini in the woods. As police searched for him, Vagnini called 911 to report that he was lost in the woods. Vagnini was found near the Farmington River.

He told police he had been drinking in Hartford and was physically assaulted as he got into his car to go home. The beating had caused him to black out, Vagnini said. When he regained consciousness he was in the woods, his clothes were torn and his wallet, keys and ring were missing, police said.

But the story was made up. Vagnini admitted he had punched himself in the face, causing minor facial injuries. He also tore his shirt and tossed his belongings in the Farmington River to bolster his story, police said.

Vagnini was charged with reckless driving, evading responsibility and driving under the influence. He was released on a non-surety bond.

Entry #4,784

Oregon woman wakes up from dental surgery with British accent

Oregon woman Karen Butler awoke from dental surgery with British accent, she claims

Bill Hutchinson
DAILY NEWS STAFF WRITER

Monday, June 6th 2011, 4:00 AM

Karen Butler insists she sounded all-American until she underwent dental surgery in 2009.
 
Lynne Terry/AP
 
Karen Butler insists she sounded all-American until she underwent dental surgery in 2009.
 
An Oregon granny says she awoke from dental surgery minus most of her teeth but with a British accent.

"I don't feel different inside at all. I'm the same old me I ever was," said Karen Butler, 56, of Toledo, Ore.

Butler, who was born in Illinois and moved to Oregon at the age of 1, insists she sounded all-American until she underwent dental surgery in November 2009.

Gingivitis prompted her to have all her top teeth and her front bottom teeth extracted. She was left with dentures and sounding like a Brit, despite never having visited England.

"There's nothing wrong with having an accent," said Butler, who has become a media sensation in her town of 3,500 people, even appearing on the "Today" show to discuss her new voice.

After looking up her condition on the Internet, Butler said she believes she has Foreign Accent syndrome, a medical condition with only a few dozen documented cases.

"We don't know exactly how or why it happens, but it simply affects rhythm of language," said Dr. Helmi Lutsep, vice chairman of the Department of Neurology at Oregon Health & Science University.

He said neurologists will see at least one case in their career.

Entry #4,783

Four Roman Catholic women ordained as priests defying the Vatican

Four Roman Catholic women ordained as priests in Catonsville

Defying Vatican, group holds ceremony at Protestant church

 

Dan Rodricks

The Baltimore Sun

8:35 PM EDT, June 5, 2011

 

Defying canon law and a Vatican decree that promised excommunication, four Roman Catholic women took vows as priests Saturday during an elaborate ordination ceremony full of song and messages of inclusiveness at a Protestant church in Catonsville.

Andrea Johnson, presiding as bishop, ordained two women from Maryland, Ann Penick and Marellen Mayers, one from Pennsylvania and one from New York in the sanctuary of St. John's United Church of Christ. The church was filled with family members — including husbands of three of the ordinands — and friends, including some who are employed by the Archdiocese of Baltimore but who support the ordination of women. Photography was limited to protect the privacy of those attending the ceremony.

In 1994, Pope John Paul II said the church has no authority to ordain women, "and this judgment is to be definitively held by all the Church's faithful." In 2008, the Vatican further decreed that women who seek ordination or any bishop who attempts it immediately excommunicate themselves from the Roman Catholic Church.

But the organization that arranged Saturday's ordinations, Roman Catholic Womenpriests, believes Canon Law 1024, which limits priesthood to men, is unjust and self-defeating.

"And we don't believe we can excommunicate ourselves," said Mayers, who was employed as a campus minister and religion instructor at a Catholic high school until her superiors learned of her affiliation with RCWP last year. By then, she was well on her way toward the priesthood. "We are still Catholic. We do not choose to separate ourselves from the church."

Mayers, who grew up in Chicago and Baltimore, worked for more than two decades in campus ministry. "About 10 years ago," she said, "I became very conscious and aware of a new calling — to be in full ministry alongside my brothers as a priest."

Mayers considered converting to the Episcopal Church, which permits the ordination of women. "But the more I thought about it, I could not bring myself to leave the Catholic Church," she said. "I was raised in the Catholic Church, and I wanted to remain faithful to the traditions and the way my parents brought me up. I was a child of Vatican II and Pope John XXIII."

Mayers, whose parents are deceased, said her siblings and other relatives "had a lot of questions" but were "very supportive" of her decision to seek the priesthood.

Roman Catholic Womenpriests traces its origins to the so-called Danube Seven, a group of women who were ordained aboard a ship in the river in 2002 by three male bishops. Two of those bishops were never publicly identified, while the third, an Argentine named Romulo Braschi, was called a "founder of a schismatic community" by the Vatican. The seven women were excommunicated, but RCWP believes their ordinations were legitimate, providing the "apostolic succession" that made all subsequent ordinations legitimate.

Andrea Johnson, the woman who presided at Saturday's ordination, was ordained a bishop by a woman who traces her legitimacy to the Danube Seven. RCWP claims more than 40 ordained priests and four ordained bishops in the United States, and more in Canada and Europe.

Asked for comment, Sean Caine, the spokesman for the Archdiocese of Baltimore, did not specifically address RCWP or Saturday's ordination. "Women have long held positions of leadership and authority in the archdiocese," he said. "They serve as Catholic school administrators, directors of centers of charitable outreach, as well as diocesan and parish leaders. Their dedicated and able service remains and will continue to be an integral component of our ministry to the people of this Archdiocese."

Gloria Carpeneto, a grandmother and leader of a Baltimore spiritual community who was ordained three years ago, says the RCWP mission is less about protest than about establishing "a renewed vision of church" and "a renewed vision of priestly ministry." It's an inclusive vision of what a church should be.

The women who've been ordained through RCWP have day jobs and families, husbands or partners; they are out in the community and not confined to a building or parish, Carpeneto said. They are teachers, social workers, spiritual directors. They do all the things Catholic priests do, and they celebrate Mass twice a month — usually once at St. John's, once at someone's house — and with anyone who wishes to attend.

Entry #4,782

12-year-old boy faces first degree murder charge

12-year-old Florida boy, Cristian Fernandez, faces first degree murder charge for 2-year-old's death

Michael Sheridan


DAILY NEWS STAFF WRITER

Monday, June 6th 2011, 10:48 AM

Cristian Fernandez, 12, could face life in prison without parole if convicted of murdering his 2-year-old half brother.
 
Jacksonville Police Dept.
 
Cristian Fernandez, 12, could face life in prison without parole if convicted of murdering his 2-year-old half brother.
 
Biannela Susana gave birth to Fernandez when she was 12.
 
Biannela Susana gave birth to Fernandez when she was 12.
 
A "baby-faced" 12-year-old in Florida may spend the rest of his life in jail for the murder of his 2-year-old half brother.

Cristian Fernandez allegedly killed the toddler in March. Last week, the boy was indicted by a grand jury for first-degree murder, the first time someone so young has faced such a serious charge in Jacksonville.

If convicted, he would be sentenced to life in prison without parole.

"It is disturbing, but when you know you have to balance the safety of other children in the home and in the community, it is not so disturbing," State Attorney Angela Corey said Thursday, according to The Florida Times-Union.

The harsh charge is a reflection of the brutal murder, authorities said.

The 2-year-old, David Galarriago, was hospitalized on March 14 after being "physically battered" by his older sibling, according to a police report.

The child suffered "a skull fracture, subdural hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, bruising on the left eye, and bruising on the bridge of his nose."

While the toddler was in the hospital, police said Fernandez confessed to beating him. He also allegedly admitted to having broken his younger brother's leg in January.

Two days after he was savagely attacked, David died.

"It's a tragic set of events to say the least," Assistant State Attorney Mark Caliel told The Times-Union.

Fernandez's mother, Biannela Susana, also faces charges for allegedly trying to cover up the beating.

The 25-year-old initially told authorities she was at home when the incident occurred, according to a police report. She later admitted she was not there at the time, and was told the toddler fell from a bunk bed.

Susana told police she tried to help the 2-year-old. She claimed she "changed his clothing, wiped him off, and put ice on his head," police said.

The young mother did not call 911, but drove the toddler to the hospital some two hours after the incident, police said.

The lawyer tasked with defending Cristian Fernandez said the 12-year-old is "clearly a victim."

"The whole system has failed him," Assistant Public Defender Rob Mason said, according to The Times-Union.

Fernandez's mother was only 12 years old when she gave birth to him, Mason said. The two ended up in foster care together, and his grandmother was a drug addict.

The boy was also the victim of child abuse at the hands of his stepfather, who shot and killed himself in front of the boy last year, Mason said.

"It is a complex case," he said.

Entry #4,781

Cash-strapped states look to roll back tax credits

Cash-strapped states look to roll back tax credits

 

John Wisely

USA TODAY

June 4, 2011

 

 

Tough budget times are forcing state governments to rethink the tax breaks they grant.

Michigan last week eliminated several tax credits, including those for small donations made to universities, food banks, museums and public television. The state also capped at $25 million a year the tax incentives it gives the film industry, which has been lured to the state since 2008 by some of the more generous incentives in the nation. The changes were part of a tax overhaul that Republican Gov. Rick Snyder says will spur job growth.

The Oklahoma Legislature has set up a special committee to review tax incentives there. A report from the Oklahoma Tax Commission in October 2010 listed the cost of hundreds of credits and incentives.

"It's like a big Christmas tree," says Larkin Warner, emeritus professor of economics at Oklahoma State University, who serves on the committee. "The legislators ought to take a hard look."

Economists generally favor more uniform taxation but acknowledge that incentives can advance policy goals such as capital investment, cleaner energy use or job creation, says Dana Johnson, recently retired chief economist at Comerica Bank.

"Taxes can be used, just like direct subsidies, to (encourage) certain behavior," Johnson says. "The question you always have to ask is: Is it worth the revenue?"

Three Ohio think tanks have called for a review of tax credits to help solve that state's $8 billion budget shortfall.

"It's holding Ohio back," says Levea Brachman, executive director of the Greater Ohio Policy Center, a progressive think tank that has joined with the libertarian-leaning Buckeye Institute and the centrist Center for Community Solutions in calling for a review of the state's tax policies. Greater Ohio estimates that such tax breaks cost state government $300 million a year.

One of the breaks that Michigan eliminated had allowed taxpayers to get a 50% refund of some charitable donations when they filed their state tax returns. About 550,000 people claimed it in recent years. Without it, Michigan will save $47 million a year, according to state budget estimates.

Eliminating tax breaks isn't easy because each has a constituency, Warner says.

The Montana Legislature earlier this year voted to repeal a host of clean-energy tax credits, although Democratic Gov. Brian Schweitzer vetoed the changes last month. "To repeal these credits would be to subtract jobs in Montana's energy, construction, and agriculture sectors," Schweitzer said in his veto message.

Entry #4,780

Reality show mom arrested for meth

Reality show mom, passenger, arrested after meth, pot found in car at roadblock
 
Lydia Senn
Staff writer Rn T.Com
June 5, 2011

 

Two people were arrested Sunday, June 5, when police found meth and marijuana in their car, reports state.

According to Floyd County Jail records:

April Michelle Purvis, 37, of 4139 Cave Spring Road, was the driver of the vehicle police pulled over near Horseleg Creek Road while conducting a road check.

The officer noted that Purvis smelled of marijuana and, after a K9 search of her vehicle, the officer found marijuana between the driver’s and passenger seat of the car. Upon further inspection, suspected meth was found in the pocketbook of Purvis.

Purvis is charged with felony possession of methamphetamines and misdemeanor possession of less than one ounce marijuana.

Victor Lamar Clement, 48, of 7 Silver Street, was also arrested. He is charged with misdemeanor possession of less than one ounce marijuana.

Neither party arrested admitted to whether the pot was theirs. Both remain in the Floyd County Jail.

Purvis appeared on an episode of MTV's "16 and Pregnant" has been arrested on drug charges.

Purvis and her daughter, Whitney Purvis, were featured in the first season of the popular reality show about teenage pregnancy.


April Purvis
April Purvis

 

Victor Clement
Victor Clement
Entry #4,778

Actually, that's not in the Bible

Actually, that's not in the Bible
 
Satan tempted Eve in the Garden of Eden right? Nope. That's one of many phantom passages that people think are in the Bible.
 
June 5th, 2011
01:00 AM ET
 
 
Actually, that's not in the Bible

 

John Blake

CNN

(CNN) – NFL legend Mike Ditka was giving a news conference one day after being fired as the coach of the Chicago Bears when he decided to quote the Bible.

“Scripture tells you that all things shall pass,” a choked-up Ditka said after leading his team to only five wins during the previous season.  “This, too, shall pass.”

Ditka fumbled his biblical citation, though. The phrase “This, too, shall pass” doesn’t appear in the Bible. Ditka was quoting a phantom scripture that sounds like it belongs in the Bible, but look closer and it’s not there.

Ditka’s biblical blunder is as common as preachers delivering long-winded public prayers. The Bible may be the most revered book in America, but it’s also one of the most misquoted. Politicians, motivational speakers, coaches - all types of people  - quote passages that actually have no place in the Bible, religious scholars say.

These phantom passages include:

“God helps those who help themselves.”

“Spare the rod, spoil the child.”

And there is this often-cited paraphrase: Satan tempted Eve to eat the forbidden apple in the Garden of Eden.

None of those passages appear in the Bible, and one is actually anti-biblical, scholars say.

But people rarely challenge them because biblical ignorance is so pervasive that it even reaches groups of people who should know better, says Steve Bouma-Prediger, a religion professor at Hope College in Holland, Michigan.

“In my college religion classes, I sometimes quote 2 Hesitations 4:3 (‘There are no internal combustion engines in heaven’),” Bouma-Prediger says. “I wait to see if anyone realizes that there is no such book in the Bible and therefore no such verse.

“Only a few catch on.”

Few catch on because they don’t want to - people prefer knowing biblical passages that reinforce their pre-existing beliefs, a Bible professor says.

“Most people who profess a deep love of the Bible have never actually read the book,” says Rabbi Rami Shapiro, who once had to persuade a student in his Bible class at Middle Tennessee State University that the saying “this dog won’t hunt” doesn’t appear in the Book of Proverbs.

“They have memorized parts of texts that they can string together to prove the biblical basis for whatever it is they believe in,” he says, “but they ignore the vast majority of the text."

Phantom biblical passages work in mysterious ways

Ignorance isn’t the only cause for phantom Bible verses. Confusion is another.

Some of the most popular faux verses are pithy paraphrases of biblical concepts or bits of folk wisdom.

Consider these two:

“God works in mysterious ways.”

“Cleanliness is next to Godliness.”

Both sound as if they are taken from the Bible, but they’re not. The first is a paraphrase of a 19th century hymn by the English poet William Cowper (“God moves in a mysterious way, His wonders to perform).

The “cleanliness” passage was coined by John Wesley, the 18th century evangelist who founded Methodism,  says Thomas Kidd, a history professor at Baylor University in Texas.

“No matter if John Wesley or someone else came up with a wise saying - if it sounds proverbish, people figure it must come from the Bible,” Kidd says.

Our fondness for the short and tweet-worthy may also explain our fondness for phantom biblical phrases. The pseudo-verses function like theological tweets: They’re pithy summarizations of biblical concepts.

“Spare the rod, spoil the child” falls into that category. It’s a popular verse - and painful for many kids. Could some enterprising kid avoid the rod by pointing out to his mother that it's not in the Bible?

It’s doubtful. Her possible retort: The popular saying is a distillation of Proverbs 13:24: “The one who withholds [or spares] the rod is one who hates his son.”

Another saying that sounds Bible-worthy: “Pride goes before a fall.” But its approximation, Proverbs 16:18, is actually written: “Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall.”

There are some phantom biblical verses for which no excuse can be offered. The speaker goofed.

That’s what Bruce Wells, a theology professor, thinks happened to Ditka, the former NFL coach, when he strayed from the gridiron to biblical commentary during his 1993 press conference in Chicago.

Wells watched Ditka’s biblical blunder on local television when he lived in Chicago. After Ditka cited the mysterious passage, reporters scrambled unsuccessfully the next day to find the biblical source.

They should have consulted Wells, who is now director of the ancient studies program at Saint Joseph’s University in Pennsylvania. Wells says Ditka’s error probably came from a peculiar feature of the King James Bible.

“My hunch on the Ditka quote is that it comes from a quirk of the King James translation,” Wells says. “Ancient Hebrew had a particular way of saying things like, ‘and the next thing that happened was…’ The King James translators of the Old Testament consistently rendered this as ‘and it came to pass.’ ’’

When phantom Bible passages turn dangerous

People may get verses wrong, but they also mangle plenty of well-known biblical stories as well.

Two examples: The scripture never says a whale swallowed Jonah, the Old Testament prophet, nor did any New Testament passages say that three wise men visited baby Jesus, scholars say.

Those details may seem minor, but scholars say one popular phantom Bible story stands above the rest: The Genesis story about the fall of humanity.

Most people know the popular version - Satan in the guise of a serpent tempts Eve to pick the forbidden apple from the Tree of Life. It’s been downhill ever since.

But the story in the book of Genesis never places Satan in the Garden of Eden.

“Genesis mentions nothing but a serpent,” says Kevin Dunn, chair of the department of religion at Tufts University in Massachusetts.

“Not only does the text not mention Satan, the very idea of Satan as a devilish tempter postdates the composition of the Garden of Eden story by at least 500 years,” Dunn says.

Getting biblical scriptures and stories wrong may not seem significant, but it can become dangerous, one scholar says.

Most people have heard this one: “God helps those that help themselves.” It’s another phantom scripture that appears nowhere in the Bible, but many people think it does. It's actually attributed to Benjamin Franklin, one of the nation's founding fathers.

The passage is popular in part because it is a reflection of cherished American values: individual liberty and self-reliance, says Sidnie White Crawford, a religious studies scholar at the University of Nebraska.

Yet that passage contradicts the biblical definition of goodness: defining one’s worth by what one does for others, like the poor and the outcast, Crawford says.

Crawford cites a scripture from Leviticus that tells people that when they harvest the land, they should leave some “for the poor and the alien” (Leviticus 19:9-10), and another passage from Deuteronomy that declares that people should not be “tight-fisted toward your needy neighbor.”

“We often infect the Bible with our own values and morals, not asking what the Bible’s values and morals really are,” Crawford says.

Where do these phantom passages come from?

It’s easy to blame the spread of phantom biblical passages on pervasive biblical illiteracy. But the causes are varied and go back centuries.

Some of the guilty parties are anonymous, lost to history. They are artists and storytellers who over the years embellished biblical stories and passages with their own twists.

If, say, you were an anonymous artist painting the Garden of Eden during the Renaissance, why not portray the serpent as the devil to give some punch to your creation? And if you’re a preacher telling a story about Jonah, doesn’t it just sound better to say that Jonah was swallowed by a whale, not a “great fish”?

Others blame the spread of phantom Bible passages on King James, or more specifically the declining popularity of the King James translation of the Bible.

That translation, which marks 400 years of existence this year, had a near monopoly on the Bible market as recently as 50 years ago, says Douglas Jacobsen, a professor of church history and theology at Messiah College in Pennsylvania.

“If you quoted the Bible and got it wrong then, people were more likely to notice because there was only one text,” he says. “Today, so many different translations are used that almost no one can tell for sure if something supposedly from the Bible is being quoted accurately or not.”

Others blame the spread of phantom biblical verses on Martin Luther, the German monk who ignited the Protestant Reformation, the massive “protest” against the excesses of the Roman Catholic Church that led to the formation of Protestant church denominations.

“It is a great Protestant tradition for anyone - milkmaid, cobbler, or innkeeper - to be able to pick up the Bible and read for herself. No need for a highly trained scholar or cleric to walk a lay person through the text,” says Craig Hazen, director of the Christian Apologetics program at Biola University in Southern California.

But often the milkmaid, the cobbler - and the NFL coach - start creating biblical passages without the guidance of biblical experts, he says.

“You can see this manifest today in living room Bible studies across North America where lovely Christian people, with no training whatsoever, drink decaf, eat brownies and ask each other, ‘What does this text mean to you?’’’ Hazen says.

“Not only do they get the interpretation wrong, but very often end up quoting verses that really aren’t there.”

Entry #4,777